What Is The Sixth Ocean In The World?
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| What Is The Sixth Ocean In The World? Photo NDTV |
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It seems that we are closer to Jules Verne’s idea of an ocean inside the Earth. Yes, you heard right. Although you know that 70% of the entire earth’s surface is covered with water, most of which is present in the five oceans. An international study has now found water deep inside the blue planet’s interior.
How many oceans are there on Earth’s surface?
We have all been reading and learning about oceans since we were kids, and we were taught that the Earth has five oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Oceans and Pacific being the largest, fresh research indicates that it is time to update our text book.
| ♦ The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean covering more than 30% of the Earth. This is close to half of the water on Earth. ♦ The Atlantic Ocean is situated between the Americas and European/African continents. The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest and saltiest ocean in the world. ♦ The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean surrounding a densely populated region. It contains an additional 20% of the water on Earth’s surface. ♦ The Southern Ocean is an extreme environment and is the least understood of the 5 oceans. This is because it is unexplored, far from populated areas, and has a severe climate. ♦ The Arctic Ocean is the world’s smallest and shallowest ocean of all 5 oceans. Further to this, it is the coldest and least salty ocean. |
What is the sixth ocean? Where is it located?
An international team of scientists has now found evidence of significant amounts of water between the Earth’s upper and lower mantle.
According to an international study, scientists have discovered a body of water three times the volume of all the oceans on Earth’s surface combined. However, instead of existing on the planet’s surface, this water was found between the transition zones of the upper and lower mantle of the Earth.
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| The transition zone between the upper (brown) and lower (orange) mantle of the Earth is thought to contain a significant amount of water, bound in the rock. Photo Worldatlas |
| Professor Frank Brenker from the Institute of Geosciences at Goethe University in Frankfurt, Germany explains: “These mineral transformations greatly impede rock movement in the mantle. For example, mantle plumes – are the rise of an unusually hot rock within the mantle – sometimes stopping just below the transition zone.The movement of mass in the opposite direction also comes to a standstill. importance of subduction zones) often have difficulty disrupting the entire transition zone. So there’s a whole graveyard of such subslates in this area below Europe.” |
However, until now it was not known what the long-term effects of “sucking” material into the transition zone on its geochemical composition and whether larger amounts of water would exist there.
 World Oceans Day: Great Quotes, History, Significanc and Theme World Oceans Day is celebrated on 8 June every year to empower people of all ages to become leaders of their own and stop polluting ... |
How was the sixth ocean found?
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| Photo annworld |
An international study in which the Frankfurt geoscientist was involved has now supplied the answer.
Evidence of the sixth ocean was discovered while analysing a rare diamond that had taken form 660 km inside the Earth. This has confirmed a long-time theory that ocean water accompanies subducting slabs, and thus enters the transition zone. Subduction is a geological process in which the oceanic lithosphere of a tectonic plate converges with the less dense lithosphere of a second plate, the denser plate dives under the second plate and sinks into the mantle.
Furthermore, the research group was able to determine the chemical composition of the stone. It was almost exactly the same as that of virtually every fragment of mantle rock found in basalts anywhere in the world. This showed that the diamond definitely came from a normal piece of the Earth's mantle.
How was the diamond formed?
Natural diamonds are generally formed in the mantle at depths between 150 to 250 kms, but a few may come from much deeper down.
The water, though, does not splash around like on the surface of the earth but is locked up within the minerals there making this region very soggy.
The inclusions in the 1.5 centimeter diamond were large enough to allow the precise chemical composition to be determined. The team confirmed that the transition zone is not a dry sponge, but holds considerable quantities of water and likely brings us closer to "Jules Verne’s idea of an ocean inside the Earth."
“The impurities in the 1.5 cm diamond are large enough to allow precise chemical composition determination. In this study, we demonstrated that the transition region is not a dry sponge, but rather a dry sponge. contains a significant amount of water, which also brings us one step closer to the idea of French writer Jules Verne about an ocean inside the Earth. The difference is there’s no ocean of liquid water down there, but hydrated rock.” – Professor Brenker shared.
The team explains that the transition zone’s high-water content has far-reaching consequences for the dynamic situation inside the Earth and if it is to be breached, it could lead to a mass movement in the crust.
| According to Brenker, subducting slabs also piggyback deep-sea sediments into the Earth's interior. Large amounts of CO2 and water can be stored in these sediments. But up until now, it was unknown exactly how much entered the transition zone in the form of more stable, hydrous minerals and carbonates, making it difficult to determine whether or not there was actually significant water storage. Furthermore, the current circumstances would undoubtedly support such. Wadsleyite and ringwoodite are dense minerals that can store a lot of water, unlike olivine at shallower depths. In fact, they can store so much water that the transition zone could theoretically absorb six times as much water as our oceans. |
What we haven’t known about the oceans
The ocean cover 70% of the surface of our planet
The ocean is a huge body of salt water that covers about 71 percent of the Earth’s surface. The planet has one global ocean, though oceanographers and the nations of the world have divided it into distinct geographic regions: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Arctic oceans.
Though the oceans cover more than 70 percent of Earth, only 20 percent is visible to us. So we are usually only able to see the water at the surface, and not the other 80 percent - which is most of it that’s below.
The ocean is home to 94% of all life on Earth
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| Photo best life online |
Our oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and so it comes to no surprise that more than 90% of all living creatures call this place home. Scientists estimate that about one million species of animals live in the ocean. However, most of them—95 percent—are invertebrates, animals that don’t have a backbone, such as jellyfish and shrimp. The most common vertebrate on planet Earth is, indeed, a fish: the bristlemouth, a tiny ocean fish that glows in the dark.
The ocean is home to some of the smallest animals on Earth. Zooplankton, for example, are sea animals so small you can see them only with a microscope. Nonetheless, the ocean is also home to the largest animal ever to live on Earth: the blue whale that is as long as two school buses!
Sharks have their own underwater "café"
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| Photo best life online |
It turns out, humans aren't the only creatures in need of a winter vacation. In 2002, scientists discovered an area in a remote part of the Pacific Ocean, partway between Baja California and Hawaii, where typically coastal great white sharks will migrate to in the winter. The scientists named the spot the White Shark Café and some sharks hang around the area for months before heading back to the coast for warmer weather.
Water at the bottom of the ocean is incredibly hot
In these deepest parts of the ocean, the water temperature may only be 2º to 4º Celsius, with the exception of water coming out of hydrothermal vents in the seafloor. The water released from these vents can be up to 400º Celsius (750º Fahrenheit). It's the intense pressure at these depths—the same pressure that would crush you—that keeps the water from boiling.
There's enough gold in the ocean for each of us to have nine pounds of it!
There's around 20 million tons of gold dispersed throughout the oceans. It is, however, diluted pretty much to a pulp—its concentration is only a few parts per trillion, according to the National Ocean Service. The ocean floor also has undissolved gold embedded in it, but it's not cost-effective to mine it. However, if the ocean's gold were equally distributed among every person on earth, we'd each receive nine pounds of it.
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